Shot hole is a common plant disease that can have a serious impact on crop yields, especially for permanent crops like almonds. The term “shot hole” refers to the small, round holes that form on leaves, giving the appearance of being hit by tiny pellets. This disease is caused mainly by fungal and bacterial pathogens and can spread rapidly if not managed. Identifying and acting early is critical for a healthy and profitable harvest.
Crops Most Affected by Shot Hole
Shot hole affects several crops, but here are a few examples where it’s most damaging:
- Almonds: In California, it can lead to yield losses of up to 20% if untreated.
- Cherries: Early spring infections can cause severe leaf drop.
- Peaches and nectarines: Infections during wet, cool seasons can reduce fruit quality by 15–30%.
- Plums: It can cause extensive defoliation, affecting tree vigor and next year’s yield.
How to Spot & Prevent Shot Hole
Spotting it early can save your crops. Look for:
- Small reddish or purplish spots on leaves that eventually fall out, leaving round holes.
- Premature yellowing and leaf drop.
- Spots on young fruit, which can crack and invite secondary infections.
To prevent it:
- Apply fungicides early in the season, especially after rain.
- Prune trees to increase air circulation and remove infected material.
- Use disease-resistant varieties when available.
- Monitor humidity and leaf wetness with farm management tools.
- Rotate crops and avoid overhead watering.
Simplify Crop Management with AgNote
Managing permanent crops against diseases like shot hole requires organization and timely action. AgNote’s farm management software simplifies this process. With AgNote’s Dedicated Permanent Crop Management, farmers can:
- Easily manage plantings
- Track all inputs and sprayed materials
- Record expenses
- Plan next season’s strategies
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